Selfactualization Essay Example For Students

Selfactualization Essay Self-realization advances the upgrade of self. It is a piece of our inclination that causes us to turn out to be better individuals, by growing our inventiveness, and making our encounters considerably more extreme. How successful it is relies upon the organismic esteeming capacity, which is the aftereffect of realizing in human instinct. Rogers considered humanistic brain research and concentrated on the idea of character. He had confidence in compatibility inside an individual because of self-realization. The idea of character was the significance of his examination. He found that positive, sound development happens normally, insofar as nothing discourages its way. This development propensity itself is viewed as realization. The completely working individual was a very remarkable point of convergence for Rogers. He firmly inspected the requirements of individuals, for example love, love, and kinship, Within this development, he proposed there were various sorts. He discovered there was restrictive positive respect, contingent self-respect, and states of worth. At that point, then again, there was Abraham Maslow. He was an inspirational scholar who built up a heirarchy of thought processes. He was just keen on individuals who appeared to be totally fulfilled and balanced throughout everyday life. He discovered individuals who were so finished, with everything on their side, and afterward he needed to assess their inspiration. He discovered requirements differ in force and quickness. He built up a pyramid with the entirety of the requirements people esteem. Bibliography:Perspectives on Personality ; Charles S. Carver 2000

Crisis hostage management/criminal justice Essay

It is disheartening when consistently we read about reports of prisoner taking happening everywhere throughout the world. Reports from police insight divisions over the world demonstrate that, prisoner taking cases ranges from hijacking of newborn children to kidnapping of team of huge water vessels, as is widespread along the shoreline of Somalia in Africa. US isn't an exeption, infact numerous instances of prisoner taking have been accounted for particularly in the southern area states. A case of prisoner taking case occurred at Hillary Rodham Clintons battle workplaces in Rochester, New Hampshire. A pleasantly dressed silver haired man known as Leeland Eisenberg strolled into the workplaces on a Friday requesting to converse with Hillary Clinton about helping him get psychological well-being care and wound up taking at any rate five individuals prisoner including a baby. The trial went on until night when the last prisoner strolled to opportunity and the prisoner taker calmly gave up to the police. In spite of the fact that Eisenberg had a parcel of street flares taped on his body, when he was convinced by the states police arbitrator he surrendered and gave up to SWAT police group. As indicated by Hillary Clinton as she tended to a question and answer session later in Portsmouth that night, Eisenberg needed assistance and was looking for consideration in totally the incorrect way. Eisenberg was hung on state charges of abducting and wild direct, government charges were being thought of. (http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/22043358). Another prisoner taking frequency happened in Louisville whereby a mother (Gail Lynn Coontz) murdered her two kids matured 14 and 10 years in their beds and later went to a school she went to with a firearm before giving over the weapon to the college’s wellbeing advisor. The danger at Louisville University College finished without any wounds about 30 minutes after it started, yet school authorities requested that police keep an eye on the youngsters, which were discovered dead with shot injuries. Mrs. Coontz was taken to a mental facility and later taken to Louisville prison. As indicated by college police, Maj. Kenny Brown, she was accused of psychological oppressor compromising for pointing a weapon at a cop. (http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/23827059). The two tallies of prisoner taking were totally different from each other in light of the fact that the principal case was done in a gentle way I. e. no brutality was accounted for, the street flares represented some extensive peril, had the presume chosen to utilize them. The prisoner taker was simply attempting to look for consideration as per Hilary Clinton since he genuinely discharged the prisoners after influence by a police mediator. The subsequent case was a genuine one, with the suspect having shot dead her two youngsters prior on. It’s genuine that both prisoner taking occurrences were sustained by individuals who were experiencing mental issues. For example Eisenberg had a legal dispute filled by his significant other for sedate maltreatment, attack, and verbal dangers, while Mrs. Coontz was a window and consequently was worried by family trouble. In the two occurrences of prisoner taking, the prisoner takers were convinced into surrendering calmly, I. e. they never set up any brutal resistence. taking into account the US governments strategy on prisoner taking dangers, in light of past understanding, making concessions that advantage prisoner takers in return of arrival of prisoners expanded the threat that others will be abducted. Simultaneously the US government consistently bends over backward to contact the captors or even their delegates in order to make sure about the arrival of prisoners. under current US law, 18 USC 1203(act for avoidance and discipline of the wrongdoing of prisoner taking, established oct 1984),seizure of a US resident as a prisoner anyplace on the planet is a wrongdoing and along these lines subject to examination by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and to indictment by US specialists (http://www. state. gov/r/dad/prs/ps/2002/8190. htm. ) In the main occurrence Eisenberg was flattered to by a state police moderator into surrendering and giving up calmly to the police. Also, in the second case Mrs. Coontz albeit guided a firearm toward police an official she deliberately gave out the weapon to the school wellbeing instructor. This shows unmistakably that the mediators had their impact expertly and with a great deal of patient. From the two checks it’s apparent that insignificant power was applied by the police to free the prisoners. In the main frequency for example, despite the fact that police stayed outdoors outside the structure they never endeavored to utilize overabundance power in case they incite the prisoner taker into doing a frightful activity. So also, in the subsequent occurrence police played safe until Mrs. Coontz gave up the firearm to the school wellbeing guide deliberately. In this manner the results of the two instances of prisoner taking were a triumph with respect to police since nobody abducted was harmed and the suspects were secured. The articles from which I extricated these two prisoner taking tallies were genuinely composed, giving nitty gritty data about the prisoner takers, and the prisoner taking occurrence. In any case, the part on arrangement between the suspects and the moderators was not all around explained in the two tallies. Perusers would need to realize the understandings prompting the conditioning of prisoner takers and consequently surrendering. The essayists additionally gave almost no inclusion on police activity about the rates. The rationale of the killings of the two youngsters by their mom ought to have been given . References: A man abducts in excess of five individuals at Sen. Hilary Clinton’s crusade office in Rochester N, H, accessible at; 1) http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/22043358 got to on April 15, 2008 a mother takes threatens a school with a weapon in the wake of slaughtering her own two youngsters, accessible at; 2)http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/23827059accessed on April 15, 2008 US arrangement on prisoner taking dangers, accessible at; 3) http://www. state. gov/r/dad/prs/ps/2002/8190. htm got to on April 15, 2008

Adding No-Follow Tag On Comment Permalink

Adding No-Follow Tag On Comment Permalink Spam control is very difficult but Blogger has found many tips that can reduce spam. Too much spam is bad for SEO. But if your blog is genuine but it can be treat as spammy due to uncontrolled of spam from comment. There are many comment I receive but many of them are not related to my content and spammer are just leaving their blog address for making backlink. These comments will form Step 4Now replace the above code by below code Step 5Now simply hit the save button. If you have done then now you are secured from spam. And your blog SEO score will improve as well as higher position on SERP. If you have anything to share or ad something with this then feel free to leave a comment below.

Cross Cultural Communication Is Self Explanatory Essay

A1: Cross-Cultural Communication The term Cross-Cultural Communication is self-explanatory. Cross cultural communication refers to the communication between people who have differences in any one of the following: nationality, ethnicity, race, culture etc. Cross cultural communication can also refer to the attempts that are made to exchange, negotiate and mediate cultural differences by means of language, gestures and body language. It is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other. Each individual can practice culture at varying levels. An individual is constantly confronted with the clash between his original culture and the majority culture that he is exposed to daily. Cultural clashes occur as a result of individuals believing their culture is better than others. Cross cultural communication has been influenced by a variety of academic disciplines. It is necessary in order to avoid misunderstandings that can lead to conflicts between individuals or groups. Cross cultural communication creates a feeling of trust and enables cooperation. The focus is on providing the right response rather than providing the right message. When two people of different cultures encounter each other, they not only have different cultural backgrounds but their way of talking will also be different. Many cultures have a rather harsh tone while talking and many have a soft tone. This is all because of the culture in which people are brought up. Many culture prohibitShow MoreRelatedThree Disciplines1097 Words   |  5 Pageswish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology. My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be persuaded by theory, I need proof. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany (WGBH EducationalRead MoreCultural Bias And Health Care Disparity1528 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Bias and Health Care Disparity: Introduction: Cultures, social, ethnicity, English proficiency are factors that my significantly affect the quality of healthcare. Patient’s perspective, values, beliefs and behavior are highly influenced by the sociocultural background pf the patient (1-5). These factors can affect dealing with patient’s symptoms, seeking care, pain toleration, care adherence, preventive measure, and health care expectations. There is a clear evidence that links Clinician-patientRead MoreEmbracing The Shock Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesextremely difficult to teach. On the other hand, it is still important to teach cultural shock because it can play a key role in creating a sense of cultural awareness. In order to teach culture shock to her students, Baker conducted an experiment. In this experiment she had three main objectives in addressing culture shock. These included students being strangers and better understanding intercultural communication, recognizing how values and views from from culture to culture, and the opportunityRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Dsm Iv Tr1073 Words   |  5 Pageswidely used classifications of mental disorders throughout the world. These classification systems were created to provide a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders thus allowing for better and more accurate communication between mental health workers. The Diagnostic a nd Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used mostly in the United States of America and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians, as well as researchers, psychiatric drug regulationRead MoreImportant Factors That Uk Managers Should Consider And Learn Foreign Languages1835 Words   |  8 Pages2001) Also, each language has exhibited the realization of the basic culture. Moreover, barriers to communication that happen when people from different cultures joint venture that frequently makes people to misinterpret each other’s purposes and meaning in culture diversity circumstances, (O Connell, 1999). The high risk of misinterpret is an issues that is the essential of cross-culture communication. Miscommunication and misunderstandings happened, due to people from different education, experienceRead MoreInterpersonal Communication: Principles and Misconceptions2426 Words   |  10 PagesInterpersonal communication Interpersonal communication is the form of communication that exists between two people; it is a universal kind of communication. It includes the daily exchange that may be formal in nature or informal in nature and can be in the form of facial expression, sounds, gestures, words and postures (MBA Knowledge base, 2011). Interpersonal communication, involves dissemination and reception of objective message or information between two or more people/groups with an aim ofRead More The Affect of National Culture on Human Resources Essay2644 Words   |  11 Pagesculture seems to be crucial in explaining cross-national HR management difference. Based on Hofstede’s (1993) definition of national culture, it is stated that national culture is the software of the mind, and it is deeply embedded in everyday life and fairly resistant to change. Moreover, it is confirmed that national culture has a significant relationship with HR policies and practice (Hofstede, 1993). Also, Earley (1994) demonstrated that national cultural values that reinforce HR are more likelyRead MoreCommunication Between Physicians And Patients2285 Words   |  10 PagesCommunication between a physician and patient is a popular subject matter in the Healthcare industry. A good, healthy relationship between physicians and patients is extremely important and extremely necessary. According to a consensus statement on physician and patient communication, â€Å"effective communication between doctor and patient is a central clinical function that cannot be delegated.† There is no evidence that communicating well with patients will make an enormous difference on any healthcareRead MoreCultural Impact on Effective Styles of Management3883 Words   |  16 Pagesnot necessary for a business person to forsake their ways and to change to conform to local customs but, rather, to be aware of differences and willing to accommodate those differences that can cause misunderstandings. Just as is the case with all cultural differences, a person’s SRC can cause problems when trying to operate under different business customs. The literature is full of examples of misunderstandings between business persons from different cultures when each responds to the other fromRead MoreEssay about Research Critical Analysis1817 Words   |  8 PagesJournal Article Evaluation: Barinaga, E. (2007) ‘Cultural diversity’ at work: ‘National culture’ as a discourse organizing an international project group, Human Relations, 60(2): 315-340. Ester Barinaga’s paper on multinational work teams and how they organize themselves using ‘national culture’ and ‘cultural diversity’ as discursive resources is critically discussed, with special attention paid to the limitations of her research approach. This review proceeds as follows. First, the theoretical

John F. Kennedy s Decision Making Process - 1186 Words

Introduction A president s ability to adapt to changes and learn from mistakes is a quality that separates a good leader from a great one. In considering the governmental history of the United States, John F. Kennedy is arguably among the most successful presidents to hold the mantle of commander in chief. However, this degree was not achieved due to his infallible leadership and decision making skills. For this reason, I would like to investigate the extent to which John F. Kennedy’s decision-making process changed from the Bay of Pigs Invasion to the Cuban Missile crisis during his presidency. I chose the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis because the first is an event in John. F. Kennedy’s presidency before he gained experience from this job and the latter is an event from after he was acquainted with the presidential role. This span of time allows for the analysis of how a president changed throughout his presidency in terms of their decision making. Such an understanding is relevant because it can determine the strengths and weaknesses of a person in power that can either be exploited by political opponents or improved upon by future commander-in-chiefs to determine the overall effectiveness of the president. This topic was of interest because an analysis of the both of the events can present the way in which John F. Kennedy changed in relation to his foreign policy between 1961 to 1962. This is relevant to modern day United States because the way inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of President John F. Kennedy s Short Term As President Of The United States1544 Words   |  7 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy MSgt Corey B. Kennedy Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy For two years and ten months, America had a visionary leader that inspired a generation to achieve things as a country once thought impossible. For two years and ten months, America had a president that used ethical leadership in decisions that impacted not just the United States, but the world as a whole, and left a lasting legacy. There are a many defining moments from President John F. Kennedy’sRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe future† -John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy, a self-made multimillionaire who led the Exchange commission and securities under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He parlayedRead MoreThe United States And The World From A Nuclear Holocaust1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdays, John Kennedy and his administrators crafted and developed solutions that would ultimately save the United States and the world from a nuclear holocaust. During the Cuban Missile crisis, John F. Kennedy was forced to make many difficult decisions on how the United States should respond to the crisis. While listening to the many voices of reason, it became evident there was no easy solution to resolve the conflict and with many possible outcomes. For JFK, The essence of ultimate decision [remained]Read MoreSoon After World War Ii Ended, The United States Of America1782 Words   |  8 Pagesof Space Exploration, 2009). On July 20 of 1969 the U.S.A.’s Apollo 11 mission was successful in ending the Space Race after landing on the moon (Timeline of Space Exploration, 2009). The first lunar landing is one of the most important events in modern human history, because it redefined the boundaries of the universe for humans by extending them to the vastness of space. I analyzed three different sources on the topic: President John F. Kennedy’s speech to Congress, â€Å"Why We Need to Remember theRead MoreRegents of the University of California v. Bakke1203 Words   |  5 Pageseliminate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future.† Cornell University Law School March 6, 1961: John F. Kennedy signs Executive Order 10925 Sec. 301 (Paragraph 1): â€Å" . . . [Government] contractor[s] will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.† July 6, 1964:Read MoreThe Leadership And Legacy Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy3150 Words   |  13 PagesCamelot: The Leadership and Legacy of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Carson Ray Senior Division Individual Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,470 words To the average person, Camelot was an era of promise, hope, perfection, and the struggle for equality. It was America’s only real with national royalty as the people looked to the president and first lady for fashion, their connections to Hollywood and the very rich, and how to comport themselves in a most glamorous manner..Read MoreLyndon B. Johnson s President Of The United States Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Senate and Johnson was elected majority leader. But he did not stop here. In 1960, LBJ wanted to be in the White House. John F. Kennedy won the democratic nomination overwhelmingly. But, being from the north, Kennedy realized that he could not be elected without the support of the Southern Democrats, most of whom had backed Johnson. After the convention, Kennedy offered Johnson the vice presidency and Johnson accepted. The JFK/LBJ ticket won the election against Republican candidate RichardRead MoreThirteen Days Decision Process2313 Words   |  10 Pag esThirteen Days† by Antony Gumi The â€Å"Thirteen Days† movie describes how the 35th president of United States of America (USA), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) dealt with the Cuban Missile Crisis during the period of October 14-28, 1963. It shows how JFK’s leadership saved the world from having World War III (WWIII), or worse, Nuclear War. JFK’s crisis management and decision-making skills was tested during this period. He was under an extreme pressure, having the Cuban missiles were about to be ready toRead MoreKhrushchev s Influence On America1543 Words   |  7 Pagesfor West Berlin, Khrushchev played a key role by demanding Kennedy attend a meeting to discuss the problem, and subsequently disrespecting the young president. Later on, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, where an American U-2 Spy Plane discovered offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba, Khrushchev further complicated the dire situation through his refusal to remove the weaponry. Beyond direct conflicts, Khrushchev sponsored the growth o f the U.S.S.R.’s space program, leading to the launch of Sputnik I, and furtheringRead MoreResponsibilities And Rights : The Capability Approach966 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel? One must be able to utilize freedom in order to exercise moral and responsible decision making. This is not to say that all will, but freedom is essential in order for one to employ such a responsibility, otherwise it would not be individual responsibility. Moreover, the capability approach acknowledges that each individual has principled rights, that if refused, would bankrupt him of something of some benefit(s). Additionally, these individuals are distinguished by analogous rights and their

Essay on The Key to Great Sex is Communication - 1019 Words

You wait by the cash register in the checkout line of Shop Rite. As you pore over the contents of your cart, you confirm that you have all the items you need. You wait for your turn to check out, when your eyes wander to a nearby rack of colorful magazines. They read in big, bold letters, â€Å"10 Sex Secrets You Need To Know,† â€Å"7 Tips For Great Sex!† They look trashy, but you are intrigued nonetheless by the prospect of learning new, hidden secrets for better sex. You do not pick up the magazines to look through them, but you cannot help but wonder what secrets they hold. A good deal of those magazines actually say that the key to great sex is communication. According to The Cosmopolitan, communication allows partners to check what†¦show more content†¦How do you have sex correctly? Does sex feel good? How can you make it feel good? When is the right time to have sex? All these questions whirl about in the students young mind. The teacher enters the room, ready with an abstinence-only lesson plan. In a swift, unified motion, the teacher dispels all inquiries from the students mind by telling him that he should not have sex before he is married, lest he ruin his whole life. The Guttmacher Institute approximates that 75% of American middle schools and 87% of American high schools teach abstinence-only curricula as meager substitutes for sexual education. Despite the prominence of abstinence-only education in America, CBS News reports that 90% of Americans have premarital sex. The student scratches his head, left to grope around in the dark with his unanswered questions. His teacher has told him not to have sex before he marries, but chances lend themselves to the probability that he will have sex before he marries. He will not know what to do when the time comes, and when the time does come, he still may not know what to do, or how to communicate wi th his partner about his feelings. According to the Guttmacher Institute, the student is likely to turn to his parents, his peers, or the media for answers. However, parents are likely to give misleading information about sex to teenagers. DoctoralShow MoreRelatedSexual Relationships With Sex And Healthy Relationships1218 Words   |  5 Pagesrepeated communications about sex, sexuality, and development with their parents, are more likely to have an open and closer relationships with them, in addition to being more likely to talk with their parents in the future about sex issues than adolescents whose sexual communication with their parents included less repetition (Lagina, 2008). The goal of creating the group called Healthy Sexual Relationships is to foster beneficial dialogues with parents and child that teach the youth about sex and healthyRead MoreHugh Hefner Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesHugh Hefner was an extraordinary innovator, entrepreneur and revolutionist. The sex obs essed pop culture and generation can recognize the seed of its foundation for being planted by a man who chose to do as he wished. Still yet to be uprooted despite its negative nature, the media has embraced sex as a great advertisement. Hugh Hefner fits into a special category of leadership called transformational. Transformational leaders enhance their followers’ morale and performance through various avenuesRead MoreDivorce Is More Popular Than Marriage868 Words   |  4 Pageswith is important in a marriage. There will disagreements in a marriage; learn to pick your battles. Compromising is another key element to happy successful marriage. Sex is what sets you apart from being just a roommate. Having a healthy sexual relationship can improve the passion in your relationship. (2014 Aaron Anderson). There is a deeper communication that comes with sex. Both people feel a comfort level with each other that is not felt with anyone else. It requires you both to become very vulnerableRead MoreHawkins, Ronald E. (1991) Strengthening Marital Intimacy, Grand Rapids, Mi: Baker Book House.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesfoundational truths, intimacy and commitment, makes a good marriage into a great marriage. It is not enough to know the Word of God intellectually there must be a real surrendering to the sovereign will of God. To do it will transform a life of commitment to God and to the marriage. The key concepts presented in this book cover marital intimacy, commitment, wisdom, reality, God’s sovereignty, the person, sexuality, communication and companionship. The main components of this book are God’s designRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Of The United States1219 Words   |  5 Pagesonly the basis of our families but of our educational system as well.† Smith refers to the inadequate sexual education of teenagers in the United States. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and optionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Parents And Family Communication On Teenage Sexual Activities1130 Words   |  5 Pagesaffect the child’s future. As the child matures into a teenager they develop physically and mentally changes. One big fact a teenager faces is sex. Sex can be a very beautiful thing if taught correctly, but can also be very te rrifying, especially if you do not know consequences about it. Parents often run away from the sex talk or just figure if the child takes a sex class they will comprehend better. They do not understand by taking the class it is more biology perspective than an emotional one. AnotherRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Should Be Taught1240 Words   |  5 PagesUNDERSTANDING IS NOT ONLY THE BASIS OF OUR FAMILIES BUT OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AS WELL.† SMITH REFERS TO THE INADEQUATE SEXUAL EDUCATION OF TEENAGERS IN AMERICA. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and optionsRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Workplace Norms898 Words   |  4 Pagespeople behave are known as workpla ce values, workplace norms, and workplace artifacts. Understanding organizational culture changes how people act in the public workplace. People would behave around coworkers, and supervisors. The interpersonal communication used to talk to the person spouse will be different from how the person will talk to their supervisor. As stated in the textbook, when someone joins an organization, that person becomes socialized into the culture through formal and informal encounterRead MoreOn The Parchment Of Bias928 Words   |  4 Pagesby President John F. Kennedy, which prohibited employers from discriminating against employees on the ground of sex with respect to the terms of compensation. The following year, Congress enacted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, among other grounds. Males, as well as females, have been granted protection against sex discrimination. Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp., 400 U.S. 542 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court caseRead MoreIntimate Relationships And Sexual Relationships1196 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful relationships from a young age. In order to have a satisfying and inclusive relationship basic physical and emotional needs should be met. The Catholic Church and Society both agree that healthy relationships are characterised by open communication, negotiation, respect, high levels of trust and love. Catholics view love as an act of will, devotion, unselfishness and sacrifice. Catholics belief that â€Å"God is love† (1 John 1:18) not only loving or a lover. They believe that love is God’s essence

Critical Thinking to Culture and Technology Infrastructure

Question: Briefly outline/discuss the theoretical framework you have chosen discuss why your chosen framework is more appropriate for your essay rather than another framework (yes, outline briefly the other framework concepts as well) Argument = taking a viewpoint and justifying it. Answer: Introduction Incorporated in New York, General Electric (GE) is an American Based multinational conglomerate and has its headquarters in Fairfield, Connecticut. The company works in the form of several segments which are namely: Technology Infrastructure, Consumer and industrial. As per Fortune 500, in the year 2011 GE was ranked as the 26th largest firm in US in terms of gross revenue. Other than that as per that survey they were taken to be the 14th most profitable company in US. Taking further metrics into account, the company was listed fourth largest throughout the world on the list of Forbes Global 2000. Other than it has also received the honor to be the 7th largest in leaders for Fortune and 5th best global brand for Interbrand. Getting to the history of the company, the company was one of the 12 different companies listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Average in the year 1896 (Cox Blake, 1991). Since then and till now after 118 years, General Electric still remains to be one in the Dow in dex. Thomas Edison, in the year 1889, had business interests in companies related to electricity. Several companies like Edison Machine Works, Bergmann company and some other companies came up together to merge themselves together and made up to be under one corporation and formed the Edison General Electric Company. It got incorporated in the year 1889. During the same time companies like Charles Coffin, and Thomson Houston also came up to gain access and merged with the parent company. This merger was held in the year 1892 and General Electric was formed. General Electric with IBM (Schein, 1990), Honeywell, NCR, RCA as well as UNIVAC, became a major computer companies among the eight major companies in the year 1960. After 1962 they started developing GEDCOs operating system. GE recently ventured with and collaborated with Quirky and announced its connected bulb named link, which is basically designed to communicate with smartphones and tablets. Theoretical Framework Of late a lot of emphasis is being laid on Organizational cultures. There are broadly four major categories of organizational culture: the power culture, the role culture, the task culture, and the person or support culture. In 19742, Harrison came up with an extensive questionnaire format wherein he clearly compared and analyzed all the organizational cultures. The power culture has been explained as a spider web (Alvesson, 2012). With spider right at the centre and power centralized in the hands of few. In this type of culture dependence is on individuals. In such a kind of organisation, success is judged on the output, and not the means and values to attain he output. It is important for the employees to understand that they work in an environment which requires them to deliever work in the manner in which the boss at the centre is expecting them to act. In consideration to all dimensions of the national cultures and power distances which in a way reflect the range of basic questi ons on how to handle the fact that people are different. Harrisons Model of Culture The second type is the role culture. Where each column has a different role or responsibility and even if any individual leaves, that pillar will still represent the task which will now be handled by yet another person (Cascio McEvoy, 1992). Then, there also exists-task culture in various organisations. These types of organizations generally employ people to finish a certain project. Task culture is compared to a net. In a net, strands can be of varying thickness but the intersection points are strong. Similarly, such organizations believe in fulfilling certain similar tasks. Team-work is the buzz word in such types of organizations. Lastly, we have a person culture in orgaisations. This is quite a rare sort of an organizational structure as the individuals are the focal points. This sort of a culture normally cannot be adopted practically by the companies as companies are the brain child of a person or group of people who have certain interests and these interests will definitely be over and above the interest of various people working (Marquardt, 1996). Now Harrisons theory of comparison of various types of organizational cultures is of utmost importance as it compares. It lets an employee actually make out the organization type he or she is working for and thereby understand whether he or she will be able to adjust to the working requirements or not. Discussion With their former CEO, Jack Welch, the skills that were most admired and homed were cracking the deal, cost cutting and efficiency. The new CEO, Jeff Immelt has introduced a new system whereby he emphasizes not just on new deals and profit. But also on creativity. While applying to his new ideas, Jeff Immelt is continuously bringing a change in long practiced beliefs of GE. He is introducing outsiders into high ranks this is quite a big change from the past. Earlier the policy was to promote only from within the organistaion (Deshpande Webster, 1989). GE has applied this changed belief system in various other nations like China. Like for instance in the recent past, it has hired more than 1,700 new employees for a more global workforce. The most famous among such arrangements was proposed by Hofstede who led exploration among IBM laborers from diverse nations. He distinguished five measurements: independence/communalism, force separation, manliness/womanliness, instability evasion and long haul introduction. Among these measurements there is one particularly connected with relations in the middle of chiefs and representatives, it is the force separation. As per Hofstede's definition, the force separation is joined with the social acknowledgement of unequal conveyance of the force. This disparity can be associated with esteem, riches and influence. The level of the force separation depicts "how the way of life endures and cultivates pecking requests, and how effectively parts attempt diminish them" (George, Jones Sharbrough, 1996). The high power separation social orders are portrayed by the resilience for disparity and the parts of such social orders concur that power ought to be unequally imparted. The individuals with higher social position acquire various benefits and it is considered as something right and characteristic. The low power separation social orders are those in which disparity is less endured. The benefits joined with the position are not effortlessly acknowledged. In the way of life with low power remove the freedom is more esteemed then the similarity. This report concentrates on the impact of the nation of origin culture in undertakings with remote capital working in Poland (Martin Nakayama, 2007). The principal objective of this paper is to clarify diverse contrasts in inward relations in the middle of directors and workforce, which incorporate level correspondence and workers' support, which are brought about by the level of force separation. The second objective is to demonstrate the level of execution of society limited practices in aforementioned territories in the host nation. In writing one can discover a few studies proposing arrangements of the way of life measurements. The most famous among such arrangements was proposed by Hofstede who led exploration among IBM laborers from diverse nations. He distinguished five measurements: independence/communalism, force separation, manliness/womanliness, instability evasion and long haul introduction (Wang Ahmed, 2003). Among these measurements there is one particularly connected with relations in the middle of chiefs and representatives, it is the force separation. As per Hofstede's definition, the force separation is joined with the social acknowledgement of unequal conveyance of the force. This disparity can be associated with esteem, riches and influence. The level of the force separation depicts "how the way of life endures and cultivates pecking requests, and how effectively parts attempt diminish them". The high power separation social orders are portrayed by the resilience for disparity and the parts of such social orders concur that power ought to be unequally imparted. The individuals with higher social position acquire various benefits and it is considered as something right and characteristic (Martins Terblanche, 2003). The low power separation social orders are those in which disparity is less endured. The benefits joined with the position are not effortlessly acknowledged. In the way of life with low power remove the freedom is more esteemed then the similarity. The consequences of examination focused around two nations, France as well as Sweden are introduced in this report. The fundamental part of lower level administration is to give counsel to top chiefs and not to oversee or to take choice all alone. Disregarding the high power remove in the French undertakings the relations between the chiefs and their subordinates are exceptionally solid. The director deals with the subordinates along with their private life yet these types of relations are considered formal and not benevolent (Knight Trowler, 2000). Top supervisors are considered as an extremely exceptional persons with high power. Their contacts with representatives from lower levels are constrained and extremely uncommon. Much of the time the interior correspondence in French endeavors is level and extremely formal High progressive structure brings about abhorrence for passing the data and enabling the subordinates. A standout amongst the most underlined attributes of the Swedish administration is abnormal state worker interest. They have high self-rule and the worker contribution is considered as an imperative component. The administrators give just general proposals, and the control is restricted to urge representatives to take singular motivating force, which is associated with the abnormal state of independence and inclination to stay away from clashes (Trompenaars Hampden-Turner, 1998). Moreover, the Swedish administration is portrayed by a substantial number of data went to a worker. The inner correspondence is thought to be essential and, in understanding to low power separation, is immediate. Mulling over the bearings of the force separation measurement impact on relations in the middle of administrators and workers and the practices here in ventures working in Sweden and France the three theories, the positive check of which affirms home-nation society impact, are made (Laughlin, 1987). While contrasting the relations in the middle of administrator s and workers in Swedish and French undertakings and to discover to what degree the distinctions are created by the nation of origin society. Furthermore the practices here are dissected to demonstrate the level of ampleness to the Polish society and desires of Polish representatives. The decision of the nations was controlled by the distinctions in society in the measurement of force separation, bringing about picking France and Sweden. The exploration was led among the remote undertakings working in Poland whose fundamental capital source was either French or Swedish as this empowered to analyze the worker relations in the nation of origin and in the host nation. Two Swedish assembling plants and two French assembling plants are inspected in the examination which was focused around meetings, documentation investigation, and polls (Tomlinson, 1991). The meetings were led essentially with the staff in charge of human asset administration (along with the fourth persons) as well as were focused on the examination of the parts of and the methods for correspondence in the middle of supervisors and workers and the techniques of representatives' strengthening. In the second piece of the examination the documentation associated with the interior correspondence was broke down, particularly perceive sheets and pamphlets. The main piece of the survey comprises of four inquiries went for looking at the workers' impression of relations between the administrator and the staff and the choice making methodology. Each one inquiry depicts two separate circumstances and respondents were solicited which from them is closer to the truth in their undertakings. The decision made was communicated on a five point scale (Cooke Rousseau, 1988). The second piece of the poll exhibits a set of three elements asking how those variables propel workers to function and how they are spoken to in the work place. The specimen comprises of 03 workers from two endeavors working in Poland with a capital offer from France. To lessen the differing qualities created by the distinctions associated with the position involved in ventures, the poll based exploration was restricted to the organization and generation representatives, barring directors. To begin with, the normal for every undertaking was figured, then the normal for the endeavors with French along with the Swedish capital (Jermier, 1998). The respondents partaking in the study of the undertakings with French capital surveyed that the force is focused around power associated with the position in progressive system as opposed to on capability in bigger degree than workers in ventures with Swedish capital. One of the greatest contrasts in reactions were associated with the inquiries regarding the benefits for the workers in a top positions in an authoritative progression. The exploration among the workers in the endeavors with Swedish capita l permits to express that in these undertakings there are less unique benefits for the representatives on top of the authoritative structure. The examination utilizing meeting likewise permits to express that in the Swedish endeavors the relations in the middle of administrators and workers are much more open. Particularly in one of them accentuation was on the imperativeness of the libertarianism in the relations inside the association (Detert, Schroeder Mauriel, 2000). In the endeavors along the French capital, less conceivable outcomes for direct contact between generation representatives and administrators than in the Swedish undertakings, are there. These results are in accordance with past expectations that if there are impacts of the nation of origin society, then Swedish ventures ought to be more populist and the separation between top-supervisors and workers ought to be little along with contacts which are more open (Deem Brehony, 2000). The aftereffects of the exploration led demonstrate that in French as well as Swedish ventures the inner correspondence is somewhat various leveled and in top-down bearing. In French undertaking a little number of data is exchanged to workers. Just the data joined with the generation pointers were routinely exchanged to workers amid unique gatherings or utilizing the notice sheets. In one of the endeavors the upward correspondence was acknowledged by the use of the unique box for the workers' recommendations and inquiries which are talked about amid week by week gatherings (De Witte Van Muijen, 1999). Furthermore there is a representative assessment study led consistently or even two. The Swedish ventures were more straightforward in the exchange of the data. The workers were educated about the circumstances in the endeavor, choices associated with their circumstance, and the arranged changes. There was an exertion taken to look into the workers' conclusion. Hence the overviews were led to analyze the representatives' feeling (for one situation utilizing SYMLOG survey, in an alternate corporate poll The aftereffects of the exploration demonstrates that, in the explored ventures, the practices associated with worker cooperation in choice making are steady with these of their nation of origin society. The distinctions in human asset administration practices and the worker's evaluation in the investigated ventures permitted to check emphatically two out of three postured speculations accepting that the nation of origin society has impact on relations in the middle of directors and representatives in the undertakings with the capital from the two countries, Sweden as well as France (Cameron Quinn, 2011). These results incite addresses about the impact of the exchange of the host practices to Poland. Are such practices suitable in Polish social foundation? How Polish representatives respond to them? Second piece of survey used to direct the overview among representatives served to answer all these inquiries. The consequences of the exploration demonstrate that on account of the scrutinized endeavors the level of the worker fulfillment from the relations in the middle of them and the supervisors and from the atmosphere in the working environment is higher in French ventures (lower co ntrasts in the middle of necessities and the current circumstance in undertakings). Just the cooperation in choice making was informed higher in Swedish than in French undertakings yet this component is likewise less esteemed by the representatives partaking in the overview (Weil Kincheloe, 2004). It can be clarified by the amount of force in the Polish society. As indicated by Hofstede the force separation list for a Polish society is 68. This proposes that the Polish culture in this measurement is more close to French instead of Swedish culture as well as Polish representatives who incline towards the adjustment of French practices which is more totalitarian administration style and is joined with it, littler cooperation in choice making. Conclusion We can reach two fundamental inferences from the exploration led. The principal and most evident ramifications rising up out of the exploration is, the ventures along with remote capital working in Poland and the subject of the examination in this report exchange to the host nation their own broadly different style of relationships with the supervisor along with the workforce, particularly joined with the contribution of the workers and the sort of their relationships with their subordinates (Evered Louis, 1981). A second conclusion ought to be taken under thought by an HR as well as particularly by experts chiefs working in the organizations with an outside capital offer. The exchange of practices from the nation of origin is more satisfactory by host nation's workers if the host nation society is closer to the nation of origin society. References: 1.Cox, T. H., Blake, S. (1991). Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness.The Executive, 45-56. 2. Schein, E. H. (1990).Organizational culture(Vol. 45, No. 2, p. 109). American Psychological Association. 3. Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. 4. Marquardt, M. J. (1996).Building the learning organization. McGraw-Hill Companies. 5. Cascio, W. F., McEvoy, G. (1992).Managing human resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits(Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill. 6. Deshpande, R., Webster Jr, F. E. (1989). Organizational culture and marketing: defining the research agenda.The Journal of Marketing, 3-15. 7. George, J. M., Jones, G. R., Sharbrough, W. C. (1996).Understanding and managing organizational behavior. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 8. 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A brave new world misc 12 00 essays

A brave new world misc 12 00 essays An Analysis of a Key Passage in Brave New World The key passage of Aldous Huxleys Brace New World takes place after John has been arrested and is a conversation with Mond. When John and Mond speak of ideal societies, a major part of Brave New World, the aspect of human nature which makes us search continuously for our personal Utopia, becomes apparent. In Monds study, the sacrifices each character makes in order to find a Utopia are interconnected. The search for a personal Utopia reveals Huxleys view on human nature of sacrificing everything to live with self-fulfillment. The connection of the sacrifices each character makes is shown in the study, helping the reader understand that it is human nature to sacrifice something to live a more fulfilling life. One sees that all, except Helmholtz and John, are willing to give up an important part of them so they can feel fulfilled. Mond is willing to sacrifice the one thing dearest to him- science. He says he gave it up in hope of Controllership. He got what he paid for by continuing his interest in science, By choosing to serve happiness. Other peoples-not mine. [235], or by serving stability instead of collapsing the fragile social structure. At the beginning, Bernard was willing to give up his position in the new world so he could further his studies in finding a society more suited to his needs; but, in the end, he did not want to give up his rank and failed in finding an ideal society. It becomes apparent that anyone who will not give up a major part of themself will fail in their quest for a greater society. John is not willing to give up anything, be it antiques to happiness. In the end, however, he ended up making the ultimate sacrifice- his life. By ending his life, he escaped into what his societys religion believed to be a Utopia; it is better known as heaven. Meanwhile, Helmholtz is ...

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Essay Example

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Essay Example Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Paper Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Poetry Song of Solomon Christina Rosseti was an 19th century poet. She was born in London on the 5th December 1830 to Gabriele and Frances Rosseti. In 1848 she became engaged to James Collinson, one of the pre-Raphaelite brethren. The engagement fell through when he became Roman Catholic. From the early 1860s on she was in love with Charles Cayley but refused to marry him because he was not a Christian and Milk-and-water Anglicanism was not to her taste. She was proud of her expertise at the game of chess that she liked to win but felt guilt at taking pleasure in winning. So she gave up chess because she enjoyed it so much. She also pasted paper strips over the antireligous parts of Swinburnes Atalanta in Calydon; objected to nudity in paintings, especially if the artist was a women; and refused to go see Wagners Parsifal, because it celebrated a pagan mythology. My heart is like a singing bird Whose nest is in a watered shoot: My heart is like an apple-tree Whose boughs are bent with thickset fruit; My heart is like a rainbow shell That paddles in a halcyon sea; My heart is gladder than all these Because my love is come to me. The simile used in the first verse are all derived from beauty as it might be seen to be expressed in nature. The poem is all joyful and uplifting. In view of the poets evangelical christian convictions it seems likely that the love referred to is the agape love referred to in the New Testament rather than sexual or romantic love. And that this was the poets intention. However a powerful repressed erotic component can be easily attributed to this verse. For example, if the term heart is substituted, then comparisons to watered shoots, thickset fruit and rainbow shells have a powerful sexual element. In that fruit is only produced by a plant for reproduction. On the other hand, taken at face value the poem has a lyrical brightness. Possibly in an era when Victorian sexual prudery is widely believed to mask desperate sexual repression dark and lustful motives are found where none actually exist. Raise me a dais of silk and down; Hang it with vair and purple dyes; Carve it in doves and pomegrantes, And peacocks with a hundred eyes; Work it in gold and silver grapes In leaves and silver fleurs-de-lys; Because the birthday of my life Is come, my love is come to me. In the second verse the imagery becomes more religious, and perhaps more sinister. The dias described sound like the exotic trappings of royalty as described in the old testament, particularly when associated with the colour purple. Although the furniture described may seem to resemble a throne it could also resemble a Hindu funeral bier. The references to peacocks and pomegranets seems particularly and evocatively Eastern, althuough it is also probably influenced by her reading of the Book of Solomon. Also the reference to the peacocks with a hundred eyes could have a meaning as being a sign of fertility or other sexual reference because the peacocks tail is only their to attract a mate and falls out after the mating season. Although this could also show eastern richness. The association of beauty with fertility thickset fruit, and choice fruits (Solomon 4:13) is imagery typical of this portion of the Old Testament. There is some evidence from accounts the poet had been in love with both Collison and Cayley during her life. Although they were romantically inclined she seemed not to have returned these feelings. The way the poem The Birthday is laid out seemed to send out the message that she is in love with Brett or she enjoys being chased by him. Brett an artist friend of her brother had apparently declared within it the commentators have proposed that this poem that is inspired by her relationship his love notion that it is she not the lover who is in the dominant position here. It seems not unreasonable that her pleasure at being in the dominant position in a romantic series of encounters with a man who desired her should be expressed in poetry, but the true feelings disguised in a religious allegory. In either case she feels guilt for doing so. Because of this she has disguised her feeling in the poem by suggesting she is going to die or has died and that her love is the love of God. Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden, Hardened by sun and air, Contented with my cottage mates, Not mindful I was fair. Why did a great lord find me out And praise my flaxen hair? Why did a great lord find me out To fill my heart with care? This is a narrative poem that tells of a girl who goes from being a poor maiden to a mother of a lords son. The first thing we learn about the narrator, in the first stanza is that she is a maiden so she is unmarried and young. The lines hardened by sun and air suggest she lives out in the country and her family works the land. He lured me to his palace home- Woes me for joy thereof- To lead a shameless, shameful life, His plaything and his love. He wore me like a silken knot, He changed me like a glove; So now I moan, an unclean thing, Who might have been a dove. The way the second stanza starts saying the narrator was lured to the lords palace shows she was tricked into coming close and she feels like his prey. Thus is because a lure is something used when hunting to get the prey close enough to catch. The two lines describing the lord wearing her like a silken knot and changed me like a glove show how the narrator has been dehumanized and used. The narrator sees herself as an unclean thing because she was the Lords lover outside of marriage and this was scorned upon when the poem was written (the Victorian era). The narrator goes on to say she might have been a dove meaning all good and pure. The dove was associated with all things good because according to the holy Bible when john baptized Jesus the Baptist a dove appeared in the sky above them and the voice of god was heard. This also reflects back to Christina Rossettis belief in Christianity. O Lady Kate, my cousin Kate, You grew more fair than I. He saw you at your fathers gate, Chose you and cast me by. He watched your steps along the lane, Your work among the rye: He lifted you from mean estate To sit with him on high. The narrator addresses her cousin as Lady Kate because she is now married to a Lord and has gained the tittle of Lady. The narrator tends to blame the lord for whats happened because she refers to him doing everything like He lured me and He wore me showing how he used her. However the narrator also blames herself for what happened because she went willingly. Because you were so good and pure He bound you with his ring: The neighbours call you good and pure, Call me an outcast thing. Even so I sit and howl in dust, You sit in gold and sing: Now which of us has tenderer heart? You had the stronger wing. Here the narrator compares herself to her cousin Kate. She says Kate is good and pure whereas she referees to herself as an outcast thing. The last sentence, you had the stronger wing shows that the narrator believes Kate had better means than she did to get to a higher social position. Kate goes from being a cottage maiden to a lady. The question Now which of us has tenderer heart? shows that the narrator believes her love was stronger than cousin Kates. The second line of the fifth stanza reinforces this; your love was writ in sand. If something is written in sand then its there for all to see but is soon washed away. So the narrator is partly blaming her cousin here. O cousin Kate, my love was true. Your love was writ in sand: If he had fooled not me but you, If you stood where I stand, Hed not have won me with his love, Nor bought me with his land: I would have spit into his face And not have taken his hand. Here the narrator seems to partly blame her cousin for whats happened and says that if she had been in Kates place she wouldnt have married the Lord She would have spit into his face, and what Kate did wasnt right. She also blames the lord for what happened saying how he fooled her. This seemed to say that the lord led her to believe he loved her and would marry her but was only using her. Yet Ive a gift you have not got, And seem not like to get: For all your cloths and wedding ring Ive little dought you fret. My fair haired son, my shame, my pride, Cling closer, closer yet: Your father would give lands for one To wear his coronet. This is where the story is brought to an end, although the narrator seems to have nothing left we now learn that she is a mother but Kate is not and may never be. For the Victorian times when Christina Rosette was writing people frowned greatly on nudity and sexual references (they even covered the legs of tables so the sight of a naked leg didnt shock women). So she must have suffered great criticism for most of her work including The Birthday and Cousin Kate. These poems are both about love but are hard to compare, as the Birthday is purely about emotion where as the Cousin Kate poem is narrative. Both poems talk about love. The Birthday talks about positive things and Cousin Kate is negative, from the narrators point of view she has lost everything because she loved the lord. Christina Rosetti was very inflexible so why would she write such strong poems with what would seem sexual references when she objected to nudity in paintings? Perhaps the birthday is like the Song of Solomon in that it describes what appear to be sexual things but is actually talking about beauty, the beauty of Gods kingdom.

Vetoing of Jobs in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vetoing of Jobs in America - Essay Example Public polls have recently indicated that a majority of people support the project although there is still a great percentage of Americans opposing the entire project. Most of the supporters reason that the project will have numerous benefits to America. On the other hand, some Americans have aired their environmental and safety concerns about the project. According to the current economic state, it is evident that America needs more jobs. In addition, gas and fuel prices have been on the rise in the recent past. These are the factors that should convict the president to approve the southern and northern legs of the projects. The expedition of the TransCanada pipeline project has the potential of opening up job opportunities for the American people. It is clear that unemployment rates have been on the rise in the recent past. It is critical for the government to give attention to any project that I likely to improve the current situation. Statistics reveal that there are a great numb er of unemployed Americans despite their education level. An opportunity that is likely to create more than 250000 jobs is not something to disapprove. This is the reason why majority of American feel that the project should receive approval (Minicucc 1). The postponing of the approval of the consideration of the northern leg of the project until 2013 is disheartening to many Americans who were looking forward to the new jobs that the project will bring. The issues that led to the postponing of the crucial decision revolve around environmental and safety issues. Since America has other major pipelines, it is worthwhile to examine the risks posed by the existing pipelines. Understanding of such risks will enable the government to indulge into the project with more safety caution rather than let it go completely. According to the Energy Information Administration, the Trans Alaska pipeline is a classical example of a pipeline constructed with relevant safety measures put into place to minimize potential effects to both the environment and people. Reliable sources reveal that the spill rates of oil have decreased immensely in the recent past. These statistics imply that the TransCanada pipeline project is viable and should receive approval. According to the Oil Information Service, it is a time when fuel and gas prices are rising at an alarming rate, it is critical for the government to analyze the possible effect of the keystone pipeline to the gas prices. It is evident that the pipeline will be tapping more fuel into the country and them increasing supply is likely to bring the prices down. Although many people are afraid that different hubs along the pipeline will have the capacity to readjust prices and raise them, their fears are unwarranted because the effect will be minimal. America is suffering and approval of the project will be a great relief in the current hard economic times. The white house relented from approving the northern leg of the project beca use of the short notice on which it had to make the decision. According to white house reports, there was no adequate time to analyze and assess the risks of the project and address all the environmental concerns. However, Trans Canada already has in place environmental regulations that can be of potential use to assess whether the project is worth a trial (Trans Canada corporation 1). America has the appropriate guidelines that should enable it to weigh out the potential of the pipeline. Bearing in mind that pipeline transport poses the

The Pain of Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Pain of Animals - Essay Example His position is that humans tend to rationalize their behavior and in doing so justify our mistreatment of certain groups of animals with no thought or concern for their inherent right to life; rather in our selfishness we too often have little regard for their well-being and quality of life. In order to substantiate his position he drew parallels through various instances of how humans either assume animals do not have emotions and can not feel pain or disregard the truth believing the human race is somehow entitled to do as they please in the name of science or sport. Drawing first on the experimentation of insects in the furthering of science Suzuki concedes that somehow that may be justifiable, but then further builds on the examples of experimentations on mice, rats, guinea pigs and other rodents to further both the medical and behavioral sciences and asks us to consider if this is the point at which the line should be drawn morally and ethically. In further defense of his position he talks about how humans are conditioned to have little disregard for the other animals with whom we share the planet. Man at one point, hunted and fished to sustain his own and his family's lives. Somewhere we have gone beyond that. We hunt and fish now not just for survival, but for sport, sacrificing the lives of animals just for our own amusement and pleasure not out of necessity.

The Implication of EPOS Systems

The Implication of EPOS Systems William Hill is a major bookmaker worldwide, with over seventy years experience in offering betting services.   It is currently one of the leading gaming companies in the UK, where it operates over 1600 betting shops, serves over 800,000 betting slips each day via phone (standard and mobile), and recently began Britains first interactive digital television channel devoted entirely to gambling (Lee 2004).   It is the countrys most successful Internet gambling company in a country where over four million people bet in online gaming rooms every month (Thomas 2004).   William Hill was the first major gaming organisation to offer online betting, opening its website in 1996 (Lee 2004). The William Hill culture pairs low-cost, low-risk emphasis in businessdecision making with a willingness to be innovative, particularly inregards to use of technology (Hargrave 2004)).   This makes it all themore surprising that the organisation has waited so long to implementelectronic point of sale   (EPOS) machines in its betting shops.   Whilethese are expected to make the company more profitable, efficient, andcompetitive, the implications of these machine span across theorganisation.   Of specific interest is the effect of the system on thepeople involved, traditionally an important part of William Hillssuccess.   This study seeks to consider the possible benefits and losses to William Hill from the implementation of the EPOS system. Three specific areas of consideration are the effect of the machines oncorporate and local shop culture, whether the EPOS system will increase efficiency, and whether the system will contribute to increased competitiveness. The objectives of this study are to critically examine the introductionof an electronic point of sale system as implemented at William Hill.  Specifically, this study aims to examine the strategic considerationsof the EPOS and how its effectiveness can be optimised.   The studybegins with a review of literature and research available about WilliamHill, the firms operations, and EPOS systems in general.   ThisLiterature Review serves as a foundation for understanding analysis ofthe rest of this work.Following the Literature Review, of first consideration will be theeffect of EPOS on the corporate and local culture of William Hill.  Will EPOS enhance or detract from positive aspects of current culture?  Will the increase in customer information and the ease of its analysisdraw new customer groups into traditional betting shops?   If so, whatwill be the effect of this on the shops and their regulars?  Ã‚   How willstaff react to the changes caused by the EPOS system?   W ill EPOS changehow customers and staff interact?   How does the introduction of EPOScompare to the effect of technological advances on workers in general? The second objective is consideration of the efficiency of the EPOSsystem.   It will be compared to the traditional manual betting systemit replaced, with analysis of improvements in or negative effects ontime and cost.   Has William Hill become more efficient, and moreimportantly more effective, with the introduction of EPOS?   It is abetter organisation as the result of automation?   Finally, the study seeks to project the effects of EPOS on WilliamHills competitiveness.   Will the system encourage customers to switchto William Hill?   Can the organisations market share be expected toincrease?   What are the overall results on a holistic, corporate levelof automation, and how can the firm best implement such technologywithout undermining its established strengths?   What is the moststrategic way the system can be implemented, and how can it mostgreatly benefit the organisation as a whole?This study seeks to address these questions through the study ofinformation and data provided by William Hill and in literatureavailable about the firm, similar gambling companies, and electronicpoint of sale systems in general. It is anticipated that the EPOS system will be found to increaseefficiency and competitiveness for William Hill, albeit at some changeto and possible loss of culture.   This is anticipated to be an overallpositive innovation, however, increasing profit across several gamingplatforms, allowing for improved marketing activities, and increasingmarket share for the company.   The system is anticipated to provide afaster, more accurate, and more secure way of processing bets, inaddition to generating data relevant for market analysis. Many articles about William Hill, including the companys ownpublications, describe the organisation as an innovator (William Hill2005).   This is certainly the case, and low-cost, low-risk strategyhasnt kept the firm from pursuing technological advances and marketexpansion in many areas, the most recent being the installation of anEPOS system in its betting shops.   The company currently provides fourvehicles for gambling:   traditional betting shops, phones-basedbetting, including via mobile phones, Internet gaming, and interactivedigital television.   Plans to expand into casino gambling have beentemporarily shelved, as the Gambling Bill under consideration by thegovernment now appears less likely to benefit gaming organisations whoexpand into casinos (WH Annual Report 2005).   All of these may beeffected and possibly benefit from the introduction of EPOS machines.  Ã‚  EPOS can support all four major betting vehicles, and enhance how theycan work toget her to increase the number of customers, repeatcustomers, and customers spend.Traditional betting shops, also called retail shops, remain thebackbone of William Hills operations.   The retail division contributed166m of the pounds 232m, or almost seventy-two percent, of the totalprofits brought in by the organisation in 2004 (WH Annual Report2004).   The shops also provide a credibility and recognisable brandseen as contributing to the success of other gaming vehicles (Thomas2004).   The retail shops are the location of the EPOS machines, and arelikely to be most effected operationally and culturally by theirimplementation.   Demographically, the customers of William Hillsbetting shops tend to be older than customers using other bettingvehicles (Hargrave 2004).   It has been observed that shop customers arealso predominantly male. Internet gamblers are demographically younger, and many have neverentered a retail betting shop (Hargrave 2004).   They often participatein a variety of onlin e games in addition to traditional odds betting.  They are likely to hop from site to site, and show little loyalty toany one gaming organisation (Thomas 2004).   Online gambling firms musttherefore work harder to differentiate their site from the many othersavailable.   As over time a natural consolidation of the market islikely to occur, those organisations that can reinforce their marketpositioning are more likely to succeed (Thomas 2004).   William Hill hasthis positioning as a sector leader with multiple gambling vehicles.  This positioning will be enhanced by the EPOS system, a way to linktraditional shops with their credibility and market presence, to thefirms online offerings.   The convenience of EPOS and the organisations electronic vouchersystem could encourage online gamblers to consolidate their gamingactivity with William Hill.   The EPOS support William Hillsintegration of their online business and local shops, with onlinecustomers now able to deposit mo ney into or draw from accounts at anyWilliam Hill shop.   The voucher system allows customers to depositmoney or withdraw winning from any William Hill shop.   This wasoriginally handled over the counter; however, the new EPOS system nowallows the entire system to be handled by machine (Anon 2003).This has the potential to increase both shop-based and onlinebusiness.   For example, a thirty-something career woman might behesitant to frequent one of William Hills betting shops, perceivingthem to be historically male-dominated, older, and perhaps evenworking-class.   However, she is on her way to do some shopping, anddecides to quickly draw off her recent online winnings.   She stops in abetting shop, and has a positive experience.   It is clean, well run,with professional, courteous staff.   She can draw on her winningseasily using the EPOS terminal.   Because the woman has a favourableexperience with the product and people in her transaction, she issignificantly more likely to use the EPOS terminal again, and to stopin the betting shop.   William Hill has possibly converted an onlinecustomer to an online and shop customer.   Similarly, some shop regulars may eschew credit cards.   Online gamingis therefore unavailable to them.   EPOS in combination with WilliamHills combined online and shop accounts allow these customers todeposit cash at their local betting shop, and use those funds foronline bets.   This has the potential to further increase the firmsonline customer base.   Internet customers may be further intrigued bygaming options offered online that go beyond their options via shops orthe phone.   Using the Internet to place traditional bets, for example,increases the chance these customers will try arcade or casino gamesavailable online, thereby increasing the types of product purchased(Anon 2003).   This expands the purchase mix for William Hill, andincreases the likelihood of larger total purchases per customer.A concer n for management should be the potential of one gaming vehiclesuch as the Internet to draw customers away from the firms othervehicles, in effect cannibalising its own operations one for theother.   William Hills most recent Annual Report acknowledges thisissue (2004).   The company has analysed profit and other financialdata, and is confident that no cannibalising is taking place.   Allthree gaming vehicles in operation for the year have shown modest toimpressive growth, with no indication of one taking customers at thedetriment to the others (WH Annual Report 2004).Phone betting, including mobile betting via WAP technology, is seen bymany as the gaming vehicle of the future (Hargrave 2004).   The EPOSsystem could contribute to the expansion of phone betting by making iteasier to draw on winnings and deposit funds for future bets.   The OffTrack Betting organisation in New York City, USA, found lines andcustomer wait time reduced by up to forty percent at some outlets wit hthe implementation of various betting and point of sale machines (OTB2003).   The system can similarly support William Hills newest venture,interactive television.   There are questions whether the firms brandis strong enough to support a television channel, although thepotentials for increased revenue are significant (Hargrave 2004).   Theorganisation does not intend to broadcast many sporting or otherbet-producing events, given the prohibitive cost of doing so.   Rather,the television channel will offer number generated betting options, aswell as gambling games similar to those offered by the firm on itswebsite (Hargrave 2004).   This allows the non-computer literate toparticipate in betting outside of traditional shops.   Their anonymityand access to gambling increase, both of which have been linked toincreased consumer spend (Anon 2003).   Non-computer literate gamblersare no longer bound by the restricted hours of the betting shop, andcan play a variety of gambli ng games through their televisions(Hargrave 2004).   The EPOS s ystem supports this gaming vehicle in thatthese customers must have some way to deposit money for their gamblingactivities and withdraw any winnings they may have.   The EPOS systemallows them to do this conveniently and with the same discretionafforded to them by interactive television or the Internet gamblingvehicles.One potentially negative effect of the EPOS system is reduction ofcustomer loyalty.   Loyalty occurs when a consumer experiences goodproduct at a reasonable price and convenience, with acceptableservice.   If these expectations are met, the customer is likely torepeat the shopping experience.   Over time, the customer forms a habitof this shopping experience, which then develops into an attitude ofloyalty (Duffy 1998).   One component of loyalty development is staff,and in particular customers interaction with staff.   The peoplerepresenting an organisation and the service they provide can m ake orbreak a customers purchasing experience (Garavan 1997).   The EPOSsystem will replace some functions currently performed by people, whichmay have a negative impact on both customers and remaining staff.Repeat customers make up a significant portion of retail bets in thegaming sector, and many have established some form of relationship withretail staff.   These relationships contribute to the loyalty or habitsof customers, causing them to frequent one gaming retailer, and therebyincreasing the customer spend at that shop (Anon 2003).   This customersegment may feel overlooked with the replacement of some stafffunctions by machines.   For example, a man regularly frequents hislocal William Hill betting shop, gambling regularly as a hobby, but notto the gambling addiction level of play.   His visits to William Hillmay be for him the same as another persons frequenting a neighbourhoodpub; in this case he has the opportunity to interact with others whoshare his interest. The common denominator in such social interactionwill often be the shopkeeper or retail staff (Gamble and Gamble 2005).  If this social interaction is lost, the customer may switch to asimilar s hop operated by another organisation where such interactionis supported.   Fortunately for William Hill, the other major bookmakerswith whom it competes have already implemented EPOS systems, makingthis customer loss less likely to occur (Hargrave 2004).The EPOS removes the feeling of being disloyal to shop staff by bettingonline instead of at their establishment, which could also potentiallycontribute to lost customers.   Customers who shop at one establishmentfor a long period of time may feel guilty or embarrassed when changingto another store.   They may try to avoid contact with staff from theirprevious shopping preference if they have been trying out other storesfor a period of time (Gamble and Gamble 2005).   With the reduction ininteraction between William Hill staff and cu stomers caused by the EPOSsystem, the customers may no longer have social need to continue to betexclusively or predominantly with William Hill.Another possible loss is to the William Hill culture, particularly thatof local shops.   Steve Smethurst quotes David Russell, William Hillsgroup HR director, as acknowledging, â€Å"Once we have that in place [theEPOS system], the requirements on shop managers to settle bets will begone:   that challenges the very core of what people have been doing foryears† (2004, 36).   For one thing, the introduction of the machinesreduces the number of staff required at each shop.   The company has nostated plans for layoffs, but also has not addressed the impact EPOSwill have on staff (WH Annual Report 2004).   This may be in part to thetraditionally high turnover in some segments of the gaming business,although more prevalent in the telephonist position that in retail shopstaff (Smethurst 2004).Management of gaming organisations need to examine the importance ofpeople in their product differentiation.   Consideration is called forin examining the fact that all the major betting shops now utiliseelectronic point of sale technology, and much of this is produced bythe same company, Alphameric Red Onion (William Hill PLC 2004).   If onecan access the same machines at any shop, and each has similar bettingoptions, what would cause the customer to frequent one shop overanother?   While some online gaming organisations seek to an image ofglamour and escape to paradise after a long day at work, this type ofpositioning is more effective for the casino venturing into onlinegaming than the traditional betting shop down the street (Thomas2004).   Re-branding a company as old and established as William Hillwould be difficult, expensive, and unlikely to be effective.   Nor is it possible for any one gaming establishment to differential itsproduct on price in the long-term.   The EPOS system will produce costsavin gs compared to the former manual bet-taking and managementinformation systems (WH Annual Report 2004).   This cost savings occursfrom reduction in staff needed to operate a betting shop, more rapidprocessing of bets, and standardisation of bet settlement by removingthe local human component.   The EPOS system also replaces manual inputinto management information systems, allowing increased communicationbetween shops and the corporate offices, and increasing the companysability to respond to betting fluctuations (William Hill PLC 2004).  The firm did incur additional capital investment expense during 2004due to the purchase of the EPOS system, but the Annual Report indicatesthis is a negligible amount and will be easily amortised. Cost benefits, resulting in increased profits and more competitiveprice structures, in combination with lack of product differentiationin the gaming sector, can be expected to result in increased marketshare for William Hill.   This increase should occur across all four ofits gaming platforms, although primarily in Internet, mobile andtelevision sales, as lack of differentiation causes sector-wideconsolidation and the elimination or absorption of smaller firms byindustry leaders (Thomas 2004).   Some market advantage certainly goes to the organisations with the most(and most convenient) locations.   William Hill CEO David Hardingstresses the importance of place in the firms differentiation efforts,contending branding and convenience are the most important factors ingaming choice.   â€Å"People always underestimate the guiding principle ofbetting, and thats to make it convenient,† he states, â€Å"branding willalways remain dominant, and as long as you make it easy to gamble,people will do so† (Hargrave 2004, P20).   Along this line of thinking,over time the sector power of larger organisations with theirestablished shop sites will cause market consolidation, squeezing outsmaller firms (Thomas 2004).   This then further enhances theconvenience of the shops of large-sector players.   Organisations thatcan integrate their various services, as described above in theinteraction between internet gamblers, William Hill  rquote s voucher system, and EPOS machines in the local retail shops, also have an advantage in the convenience department.   However, loss of personal touch is something William Hill should beseriously considering.   Atomisation historically causes loss of jobs,and â€Å"William Hill employs more than 10,000 people:   8,500 in shops,1,000 in call centres, and 1,000 in support† (Smethurst 2004, 36).  People, particularly retail staff, play a major role in product andorganisation differentiation within a service-based firm such asWilliam Hill.   This is particularly relevant as the company pridesitself for its rigorous hiring practices and top-notch staff.   WilliamHill undertook a complicated pre-hiring screening process to help thecompany ensure i t was bringing in workers with the best possible jobfit (Smethurst 2004).   For example, the human resources department atWilliam Hill â€Å"identified the motivational factors that make someonegood at a job,† then formulated a profile of the ideal front-line staffperson (Smethurst 2004, 36).   This profile was used to c reate anautomated telephone screening process that was used with all initialapplicants to the retail shops.   The company then sends potentialrecruits through interviews and role-play exercises before making a joboffer (Smethurst 2004).   All these evaluate the attitude as well as theskills of potential employees.   Smethurst quotes Russell as saying,â€Å"you can add skills to people, but if they had the wrong attitude inthe first place then its not going to work† (2004, 36).   HopefullyWilliam Hill management has considered the possible impact on staff andtheir attitudes in their implementation of EPOS machines.Human Resources Consultant Richard Samson of the EraNova Instituterecently presented his theory of out-peopling (Frauenheim 2001).   Justas jobs can be off-shored from one country to another, so jobs can beout-peopled, going from work performed by people to work performed bymachines.   While this can offer short-term advantage, Samson arguesthat similar potential losses are likely in the long-term.   â€Å"Most ofthe work tasks done now by people will be done by smart technologywithin twenty to thirty years† (Frauenheim 2001).   Job loss causesanger and resentment amongst those put out of an organisation, andoften-sympathetic bad attitudes with workers who remain.   This shouldbe of particular relevance for a firm so concerned about workerattitude that they developed a complex and expensive screening processto ensure proper attitude amongst new hires.   Remaining employees alsobecome even more key to the generation and maintenance of customerloyalty, as   the fewer employees with whom an individual customerinteracts, the more important the quality of interaction with theemployee becomes (Garavan 1997).Reduction in employees in proportion to machines can also influence thepublics perceptions of the organisation.   William Hill is a companythat promotes service as part of its corporate image.   This serviceinfers a level of caring amongst those at the company for theircustomer (Company Website 2005).   If the customer begins to viewWilliam Hill shops as simply a place lined with electronic kiosks, muchlike the gambling version of the local Laundromat, this image of caringservice is no longer projected.   This can contribute to customerloyalty and repeat purchase over the long-term.   Management must find away to maintain its positive corporate image, therefore, while goingforward with its atomisation and cost-saving plans.Loss of jobs also creates macroeconomic impacts for both the sector andthe country.   This has historically been evidenced across manyse ctors.   In agriculture, for instance, small farms that once requiredan entire family to run have been swallowed up and consolidated withlarge commercial ventures that employ many machines and few people(Gottheil 1999).   Economic impacts of rapid changes in job availabilityand employment can destabilise an entire economy.   If unemploymentsoars and discretionary income plummets, William Hill and other gamingorganisations will likely see a sharp drop in profits, as they are adiscretionary spend for most consumers (Gottheil 1999).  Ã‚  Ã‚   More machines also lead to the increased likelihood of gamblingabuse.   The University of Sydney, Australia, undertook a significantstudy of the effect of gambling machines, ATM machines, and EPOSsystems on gambling abuse and addiction (Blaszczynski, Sharpe andWalker 2001).   They found customers were more likely to abuse gamblingor display addictive behaviour when gaming places were primarilymachine-serviced.   The more people invol ved in gaming transactions, theless likely addictive behaviour was evidenced, unless such behaviourwas encouraged by the staff involved (Blaszczynski, Sharpe and Walker2001).   They additionally found limiting the combination of machines,such as removing ATM machines from shops where EPOS and similar wereavailable reduced addictive behaviours.Also, while gambling addicts are often profitable in the short-term togaming establishments, too many people suffering from this malady hastraditionally led to public outcry, tightening of gaming regulation,and increased taxes on winnings (Blaszczynski, Sharpe and Walker2001).   It is in the best interests of all involved, therefore, forgaming organisations to strive to increase customers gambling spendingwithout crossing the line into gambling addiction.   The University ofSydney study showed that slowing the timing on machines, for example,reduced the likelihood of display of addictive behaviour Blaszczynski,Sharpe and Walker 2001.   Research and findings such as this should bestrongly evaluated by William Hill management to ensure the optimum useof gaming machines in its shops.Still, not withstanding possible detractions to the organisation, theEPOS system offers many potential benefits to the William Hill firm.  Electronic point of sale technology will enable the bookmaker to take,settle and pay bets electronically, record information from suchtransactions in a central software system, display and distributetargeted betting opportunities and manage estate-wide risk (WilliamHill PLC 2004).   Of these benefits, the two most intriguing from acorporate standpoint are the ability to gather data and profilecustomers, and the resulting use of such data in creating targeted andevent-specific marketing.The EPOS system also allows for extensive capture of customerinformation.   Data generated from customer input can include the numberand frequency of bets, the type of events bet upon, the average amountof each bet , and much more.   This allows the firms management tocreate customer profiles, representing current and target consumergroups.   (Woodruff and Gardial 1996).   For example, a middle-agedcustomer bets on dog races every other Friday.   He typically bets onthe favourites, in the total spend range of pounds forty to sixty, witha typical mix of eight to twelve bets of three to five pounds each.  Since he frequents William Hill, the company can assume some level ofretail brand or local shop loyalty.   The firm would like to see thecustomer bet more often, and in greater amount.   Because they havecollected this data on the customer through the EPOS system, they cansend him direct, targeted advertisements for dog races, and bettingwithin his favoured range.  Ã‚   If they can entice him to place a betoutside his pattern, they have potentially increased his regular spendin addition to this one betting event (Smethurst 2004).   Data gathered from the EPOS system can also b e used to create customerprofiles, which can then be targeted for marketing and event-specificadvertising.   William Hill noticed from similar data gathered on itswebsite that many were registering but not betting.   They hired aprivate firm to assist them in converting this web traffic into betting(Lee 2004).   The firm divided website registrants into four randomgroups.   One group was sent nothing, one was sent a service-led followup email, one was sent an offer-let follow up email, and one received areminder email that they had yet to place a bet.   The company was ableto demonstrate that service- and offer-led email follow up increasedthe number of registrants who became bettors by more than five percent(Lee 2004).   If an experiment such as this can have such positiveresults with random groups, imagine the impact of targeted emails andadvertising on William Hills customer base.Another benefit to the company is that electronic point-of-saletechnology will increase t he efficiency of William Hills bettingoperations.   Prior to the EPOS system, all bets were placed andrecorded manually in betting shops.   In an oversimplified explanationof the manual process, a customer would place a bet by giving a writtenticket to a retail shop staff member, who would give them a receipt inreturn.   The customers bet would be recorded in the shop, and if theywere entitled to winnings, these would be settled by the shop manageror designated staff person.   The organisation had various managementinformation systems into which data from individual shops was recorded,and this was forwarded to the central offices on a regular basis(Caldecote 2004).   Issues for management with the manual system included both the accuracyand detail of reporting.   For example, under scrutiny regarding theannual amount of unclaimed returns at William Hill, David Hood claimedthe company was unable to quantify annual unclaimed returns because thepre-EPOS reporting system did not record or allow for such (Caldecote2004).   This type of information is vital to managements analysis ofthe overall health of the organisation, in addition to profit and losscalculations.   The detail of information provided by the EPOS systemwill easily rectify these reporting difficulties.   The electronicsystem will also save time, allowing data from each shop to be capturedalmost instantly (William Hill PLC 2004).   This enables the company tocalculate statistics and perform analysis on events as they occur, forexample.   In a time-sensitive business such as gambling, this can be ofgreat advantage.Another benefit is that the EPOS system potentially allows William Hillto expand business hours at reduced cost.   As it reduces the need forstaff, betting shops can remain open longer for the same staff costs.  Longer hours give customers more opportunity to bet, increasing thelikelihood of more customers betting because of the enhancement inconvenience, and increas ing the amount customers are likely to bet, asthey are in the betting shop for a longer period of time.   Morecustomers and more spend mean more profit, and potentially more marketshare, all of which are naturally favourable to management (Woodruffand Gardial 1996).     Ã‚  Ã‚   Increased efficiency typically leads to increased competitiveness,provided the firm is being efficient about the right activities.  William Hill was a bit behind its competitors, being the last major UKbookmaker to implement an EPOS system.   It faces one primary competitorin the broader sector, Ladbrokes, and a slew of smaller competitors,primarily in the online market (Thomas 2004).   While many of thesesmaller competitors are striving for differentiation along a variety oflines, William Hill holds to its position that its company branding andstatus will carry it through against such firms.   It has the advantageover Ladbrokes of being in the online gambling arena longer, and hasstepped ahead of them in its entry into television.   Ladbrokes has alarger number of traditional shops, however, which must be factored ingiven William Hills emphasis on the importance of convenience andplace in its loyalty strategies (Thomas 2004, Hargrave 2004).   Ladbrokes also has employed EPOS for a longer time, and has thereforeincreased the integration of the machines and the data they generateinto its overall business and marketing strategies (Hargrave 2004).  The two have similar brand recognition, and are viewed as primecompetitors.   Given Ladbrokes already uses an EPOS system, it is morelikely that increased market share for William Hill will come from theelimination or absorption of smaller competitors, rather thansignificant customer win from Ladbrokes.  Ã‚   Findings of the analysis of available literature concerning WilliamHill, EPOS systems, and potential benefits and losses are generallyfavourable for the EPOS system.   The potential drawbacks of the EPOSsystem include lessened customer loyalty and damage to the corporateimage of a service-oriented firm.   Staff attitude and feeling of valuealso have the potential to suffer from automation.   The system fits inbroad corporate culture of a firm innovative in its use of technology,but may have a negative impact on employees and could potentiallychange local shop culture.   This is particularly important if jobs willbe lost or phased out due to the introduction of the EPOS machines,although the company has not indicated this will be the case.   Theorganisation must finally be cognisant during both implementation andcontinued operation of the potential for gambling abuse and addictionusing EPOS and other automated gambling devices, and make an effort toprovide   a safe, contro lled betting environment.The anticipated benefits of the system, however, outweigh potentialdrawbacks.   First, the EPOS system will increase efficiency in how betsare taken, settled, and paid, both increasing security in bettingtransactions and making each transaction faster and less expensive.  This provides the firm with the potential to forward such savings tothe consumer, increasing the companys ability to meet or beatcompetitors on price issues.   Whether or not any cost savings are passed along to the consumer, thesystem also makes William Hill more competitive in a number of otherways.   In combination with the voucher system already in place, theEPOS system greatly increases the convenience afforded to the customerin placing and settling bets, and withdrawing winnings.   This increasedconvenience is anticipated to result in new customers, particularlythose drawn from other